Interesting commemorative badge that for years lacked proper attribution.
Bronze.
Size 45 х 50 mm.
Bronze.
Size 45 х 50 mm.
Commemorative Medal for Suppression of Guerrillas in Dunbyandao/野砲兵第二十聯隊 匪賊討伐記念章
Very same medal (from the collection of Michael A. Quigley).
Reverse
around the perimeter
東辺道討伐紀念 - Dunbyandao subjugation/suppression commemorative
vertically
自康德四年年十二月四日 - Since December 4, 1937
至康德五年七月三日 - Until July 3, 1938
Reverse
around the perimeter
東辺道討伐紀念 - Dunbyandao subjugation/suppression commemorative
vertically
自康德四年年十二月四日 - Since December 4, 1937
至康德五年七月三日 - Until July 3, 1938
In Peterson (with information added by Barry C. Weaver and Michael A. Quigley) Orders and Medals of Japan and Associated States this badge defined as
Chang Hsueh-liang? https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chang_Hsueh-liang
Dunbyandao located near the Korean-Manchurian border.
Those who were suppressed were the Korean guerrillas/partisans.
In fact (among others "suppressed") it was none other than Kim Il Sung https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kim_Il-sung partisan detachment.
Kim Il Sung among guerrilla fighters.
Chang Hsueh-liang? https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chang_Hsueh-liang
Dunbyandao located near the Korean-Manchurian border.
Those who were suppressed were the Korean guerrillas/partisans.
In fact (among others "suppressed") it was none other than Kim Il Sung https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kim_Il-sung partisan detachment.
Kim Il Sung among guerrilla fighters.
The main area of operations Kim Il Sung detachment (around 300 fighters) was Dongbyandao. Here on the slopes of Changbai Mountain (the Korean name is Paektu Mountain), partisan bases were established. In addition to Kim Il Sung's detachment, partisan detachments of Cao Yafang, Che Hyun (later the DPRK Minister of Defense), An Ku Chion, Wang Te Tai, Cao Ku An, Man Sung, Wang Feng Ko, Wu Yi Chen operated in Dongbyandao. The total number of soldiers of the Dongbyandao guerrilla units (most of whom were Koreans) was by September 1936 according to Japanese estimates 5520 people. Of these 2590 fighters fought in the units of the Communist Party, the nationalist detachments numbered 1720 people, the number of peasant detachments and khunhuzes was 1210 people.
Guerrilla raids into Korea alone did little harm to the colonial regime. Howeve the fact that there were Korean guerrilla groups on the other side of the border stimulated anti-Japanese resistance in Korea. In addition Dongbyandao was to become the "Manchurian Ruhr" - an area where the Japanese planned to create a mining and metallurgical industry using rich ore deposits. As a result of punitive operations the number of partisans in Dongbyandao decreased by January 1937 compared to September 1936 by more than half (to 2595 fighters). Of them 1340 people fought in detachments under the leadership of the Communist Party, the number of nationalist groups amounted to 395 people (a decrease by 4 times), "non-party" peasant detachments and khunhuzes numbered 860 people.
Kim Il Sung's military operations in Korea made him a prominent figure in the anti-Japanese resistance. The Japanese author wrote: "I heard from the officials of the Korean General Government about the Korean communist bandits Kim Il Sung, Cao Ku An ...". A special punitive detachment consisting of Koreans (mostly former partisans) under the command of Colonel Kim Sok Won (commander of the South Korean army at the beginning of the 1950 Korean War) was sent to fight against Kim Il Sung's detachment. In October 1937 the Japanese unit under the command of Major General Ishikawa Shigeyoshi launched an offensive against the Second Army which included the division (detachment) of Kim Il Sung but was defeated by the partisans.
Nevertheless the "Korean Revolutionary Army" was fading under the blows of the punitive forces. The remnants of the Army joined the detachment of Kim Il Sung in 1938. In the same year, the commander of the “Korean Revolutionary Army, Kim Hval Sok, and the head of the military department, Kim Tu Hwa, surrendered to the Japanese.
According to Japanese data, as of December 1938, 3400 partisans continued to fight in the regions of Manchuria bordering Korea (Jiandao, Dongbyandao) - communists, nationalists, peasant (non-party) detachments. Of these, 2825 fighters fought in the detachments of the Communist Party. According to a Japanese police publication, in this area "the main bandits are Yang Jin Yu and Kim Il Sung", their destruction is "the most important goal of punitive operations". In the detachment of Kim Il Sung, there were about 500 people. The Japanese continued counter-guerrilla operations in eastern Manchuria. From October 1938 to February 1939, 340 guerrillas were killed in battles with punishers in the Tonghua province, 106 were taken prisoner, 608 surrendered. In 1938, 500 out of 900 partisans in this province were Koreans.
Guerrilla raids into Korea alone did little harm to the colonial regime. Howeve the fact that there were Korean guerrilla groups on the other side of the border stimulated anti-Japanese resistance in Korea. In addition Dongbyandao was to become the "Manchurian Ruhr" - an area where the Japanese planned to create a mining and metallurgical industry using rich ore deposits. As a result of punitive operations the number of partisans in Dongbyandao decreased by January 1937 compared to September 1936 by more than half (to 2595 fighters). Of them 1340 people fought in detachments under the leadership of the Communist Party, the number of nationalist groups amounted to 395 people (a decrease by 4 times), "non-party" peasant detachments and khunhuzes numbered 860 people.
Kim Il Sung's military operations in Korea made him a prominent figure in the anti-Japanese resistance. The Japanese author wrote: "I heard from the officials of the Korean General Government about the Korean communist bandits Kim Il Sung, Cao Ku An ...". A special punitive detachment consisting of Koreans (mostly former partisans) under the command of Colonel Kim Sok Won (commander of the South Korean army at the beginning of the 1950 Korean War) was sent to fight against Kim Il Sung's detachment. In October 1937 the Japanese unit under the command of Major General Ishikawa Shigeyoshi launched an offensive against the Second Army which included the division (detachment) of Kim Il Sung but was defeated by the partisans.
Nevertheless the "Korean Revolutionary Army" was fading under the blows of the punitive forces. The remnants of the Army joined the detachment of Kim Il Sung in 1938. In the same year, the commander of the “Korean Revolutionary Army, Kim Hval Sok, and the head of the military department, Kim Tu Hwa, surrendered to the Japanese.
According to Japanese data, as of December 1938, 3400 partisans continued to fight in the regions of Manchuria bordering Korea (Jiandao, Dongbyandao) - communists, nationalists, peasant (non-party) detachments. Of these, 2825 fighters fought in the detachments of the Communist Party. According to a Japanese police publication, in this area "the main bandits are Yang Jin Yu and Kim Il Sung", their destruction is "the most important goal of punitive operations". In the detachment of Kim Il Sung, there were about 500 people. The Japanese continued counter-guerrilla operations in eastern Manchuria. From October 1938 to February 1939, 340 guerrillas were killed in battles with punishers in the Tonghua province, 106 were taken prisoner, 608 surrendered. In 1938, 500 out of 900 partisans in this province were Koreans.