300th Anniversary of the Reign of the House of Romanov Crosses made by Moscow workshop of Olovyashnikova and Sons /О.С-ей or О.С-я/

The Olovyanishnikovs /Оловянишниковы/ was a Russian merchant family of Yaroslavl origin, the largest manufacturers of bells in the Russian Empire. The first mention of the Yaroslavl townspeople of the Olovyanishnikovs dates back to the 17th century. They came from monastic peasants in the village of Savinskoye- the estate of the Spaso-Preobrazhensky Monastery. In 1709, Osip son Ermolaev (1656 - after 1717) settled with his family on Roshkova Street in Yaroslavl. In 1717, an entry was made about him: “he makes tin and sits in the vegetable row in the shop/делает оловянишное и сидит в овощном ряду в лавке»”. His eldest and youngest sons, Ivan and Fedor, began casting bells; it is possible that with their participation, Dmitry Maksimovich Zatrapeznov cast the Yaroslavl bells, first recorded in documents, in the 1750s. One of the earliest mentions of the Olovyanishnikov bell foundry is associated with a bell made in 1766 for the Rostov Spaso-Yakovlevsky Monastery, the weight of which was 163 pounds 8 pounds (2673 kg.), with the inscription: “... casted in the city of Yaroslavl at the factory Fyodor Grigoriev Olovyanishnikov/… лит во граде Ярославле на заводе Федора Григорьева Оловянишникова”.

Another representative of the family, the head of the family business, merchant of the 1st guild, Porfiry Grigorievich (1755 - 30.10.1830) had a copper factory that produced dishes, as well as bells. In 1814, he acquired a lead bleaching plant, and then helped his only son Ivan buy the Yaroslavl silk-weaving factory of the Moscow merchants Kolosovs.

Каталог Товарищества «Прейскурант 1915-1916 Отдел икон, киот, иконостасов.jpg
П. И. Оловянишников а  сыновья.jpg


Ivan Porfiryevich Olovyanishnikov (25.03.1782 - 01.12.1859) also became a merchant of the 1st guild, but also a manufactory advisor ; he was one of the first to receive the title of hereditary honorary citizen; from 1833 to 1835 he was the mayor of Yaroslavl. At the All-Russian Economic Exhibitions, silk products from his factory were awarded with awards (in 1829 - a large silver one, in 1831 - a small gold one). Under him, bells were cast for the St. Petersburg Trinity Cathedral (1834) and, of course, for numerous churches in the Yaroslavl province, including the belfries of the Petrovsky (1835) and Avraamiev (1845) monasteries of Rostov. In 1856, master S. D. Charyshnikov cast the famous “Golodar” bell for the belfry of the Rostov Assumption Cathedral .

Ivan Porfiryevich Olovyanishnikov was married to Olga Ivanovna Korovaynikova; had four sons, one of whom, Porfiry Ivanovich (10.08.1822 - 15.06.1881), re-equipped the bell factory, turning it from a manufactory into a modern enterprise. For the now defunct Vlasievo Church in Yaroslavl, he cast a 1000-pound bell with the inscription “In memory of the deceased father and mother.” In 1861, having moved to Moscow, he signed up as a Moscow merchant; opened a store selling mosquito products and bells. Under him, Olovyanishnikovsky bells began to be sold abroad.

During the Russian-Turkish War of 1877-1878, 7 bells were cast for Bulgaria (all of them were a gift from Porfiry Ivanovich). Rostov Archpriest Aristarkh Aleksandrovich Izrailev invented a special tuning fork for bells, which made it possible to create bells of the desired tone. Thanks to this, the Olovyanishnikovs produced entire sets of bells, called “bell surnames.”​

П.  И. Оловянишникова сыновья.jpg


The family business was continued by his sons Ivan (01.11.1844 - 20.12.1898) and Sergei (15.04.1856 - 09.10.1890) . However, since Sergei was deaf and mute, production at the plant of the Partnership “P. I. Olovyanishnikov’s sons” was handled by Ivan, who also managed the financial part and contacts with clients. In 1893, he enrolled in the Moscow merchant class. After the death of Ivan Porfiryevich, his widow, Eupraxia Georgievna (Egorovna) Olovyanishnikova (Евпраксия Георгиевна (Егоровна) Оловянишникова; 1851-1925), the daughter of the Yaroslavl merchant G. S. Goroshkov, entered into inheritance rights. She bought the bell factory from the heirs of her husband's brother Sergei and transformed it in 1901 into a closed joint-stock partnership with shares with a declared capital of 1.5 million rubles - the Commercial and Industrial Partnership "P. I. Olovyanishnikov’s sons/П. И. Оловянишникова сыновья”; became its Chairman of the Board, which was located on Nikolskaya Street , in the house of the Kazan Cathedral (no. 1), then at the address: Pokrovsky Gate, no. 4. Even during her husband’s life in Moscow, she expanded the factory of church utensils (1889); near Yaroslavl, construction of new buildings of the Volkushinsky paint and varnish enterprise began. In 1916, the partnership had two lead bleaching plants, a lead rolling plant, a paint grinding plant and a bell foundry.​

The last owner of the workshop until 1917 was Nikolai Ivanovich Olovyanishnikov (12.10.1875 - 1918).

Examples of workshop marks.

П. И. Оловянишникова  сыновья.jpg
Т-во O.С- eи.jpg


П. И.  Оловянишникова сыновья.jpg
П. И. Оловянишникова сыновья.jpg



1st variation "88th silver".

Silver, gilt, enamel.
Size 67х40 mm.
Weight 22.3 g.

Marked with Moscow assay office silver hallmark [delta, a female head in a kokoshnik to the right, 88] and maker's mark O.S-ei /О.С-ей/ for Olovyashnikova and Sons /П.И. Оловяшникова Сыновей/.


Знак для священнослужителей монашествующего и белого духовенства.jpg


Знак для  священнослужителей монашествующего и белого духовенства.jpg
 
Silver, gilt, enamel.
Size 76.5х40 mm.
Weight 22.45 g.

Marked with partly readable Moscow assay office silver hallmark [delta, a female head in a kokoshnik to the right, 88] and maker's mark O.S-ei /О.С-ей/ for Olovyashnikova and Sons /П.И. Оловяшникова Сыновей/.

300th Anniversary of the Reign of the House of Romanov Cross.jpg


300th Anniversary of the Reign of  the House of Romanov Cross.jpg
 
Silver, gilt, enamel.
Size 68х41 mm.
Weight 23.74 g.

Marked with Moscow assay office silver hallmark [delta, a female head in a kokoshnik to the right, 88] and maker's mark O.S-ei /О.С-ей/ for Olovyashnikova and Sons /П.И. Оловяшникова Сыновей/.

Знак для священнослужителей монашествующего и белого духовенства.jpg


Знак для священнослужителей  монашествующего и белого духовенства.jpg
 
Silver, gilt, enamel.

Marked with Moscow assay office silver hallmark [delta, a female head in a kokoshnik to the right, 88] and maker's mark O.S-ei /О.С-ей/ for Olovyashnikova and Sons /П.И. Оловяшникова Сыновей/.

Знак для священнослужителей монашествующего и белого духовенства.jpg


Знак для  священнослужителей монашествующего и белого духовенства.jpg
 
2nd variation "84th silver + non-flat enamel".

Cross with 84th silver hallmark instead of 88th. Different stamp and enamel work (note that all reverse inscriptions are also enameled).

Silver, gilt, enamel.

Marked with Moscow assay office silver hallmark [delta, a female head in a kokoshnik to the right, 84] and maker's mark O.S-ei /О.С-ей/ for Olovyashnikova and Sons /П.И. Оловяшникова Сыновей/.

300th Anniversary of the Reign of the House of Romanov Cross.jpg


300th Anniversary of the Reign of  the House of Romanov Cross.jpg


300th  Anniversary of the Reign of the House of Romanov Cross.jpg
 
Another example of 2nd variation cross.

Silver, gilt, enamel.
Size 80 x 40 mm.

Marked with Moscow assay office silver hallmark [delta, a female head in a kokoshnik to the right, 84] and maker's mark O.S-ei /О.С-ей/ for Olovyashnikova and Sons /П.И. Оловяшникова Сыновей/.

Silver cross in memory of the 300th anniversary of the reign of the Romanov dynasty.jpg


Silver  cross in memory of the 300th anniversary of the reign of the Romanov dynasty.jpg


Marks.

Silver cross in memory of the 300th anniversary of the reign of the  Romanov dynasty.jpg
 
Another cross of 2nd variation.

Cross made by Moscow  workshop of Olovyashnikova and Sons.jpg


Cross made by Moscow workshop of Olovyashnikova and Sons.jpg


Marks.

Cross  made by Moscow workshop of Olovyashnikova and Sons.jpg
 
3rd variation "84th silver + flat enamel".

Crosses marked with 84th silver hallmark made by stamp very close to 1st variation stamp. Different shades of enamels.

Silver, gilt, enamel.

Marked with Moscow assay office silver hallmark [delta, a female head in a kokoshnik to the right, 84] and maker's mark O.S-ei /О.С-ей/ for Olovyashnikova and Sons /П.И. Оловяшникова Сыновей/.

Знак для священнослужителей монашествующего и белого духовенства.jpg


Знак для священнослужителей  монашествующего и белого духовенства.jpg


Same cross under a different light.

300th Anniversary of the Reign of the House of Romanov Cross.jpg
300th  Anniversary of the Reign of the House of Romanov Cross.jpg


Marks.

300th Anniversary of the  Reign of the House of Romanov Cross.jpg
 
4th variation "marked О.С-я".

Different stamp, enamel colors and maker's mark.

Silver, gilt, enamel.

Marked with Moscow assay office silver hallmark [delta, a female head in a kokoshnik to the right, 84] and maker's mark O.S-ya /О.С-я/ for Olovyashnikova and Sons /П.И. Оловяшникова Сыновья/.

Крест в память 300-летия Дома Романовых.jpg


Крест в память  300-летия Дома Романовых.jpg


Крест в  память 300-летия Дома Романовых.jpg
 
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    300th anniversary of the reign of romanov cross krzyż z okazji 300-lecia dynastii romanowów знак для священнослужителей крест в память 300-летия дома романовых
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